1.Urunigi rw'inganda
Intebe zo mu biro bivuga intebe zitandukanye zagenewe korohereza akazi mu kazi ka buri munsi no mu mibereho. Mu buryo bugufi, intebe zo mu biro zerekeza cyane cyane ku ntebe zifite inyuma zikoreshwa iyo abantu bicaye ku mirimo ya desktop. Mu buryo bwagutse, intebe zo mu biro zirimo intebe zose zikoreshwa mu biro, nk'intebe nyobozi, intebe zo hagati, intebe z'abashyitsi, intebe z'abakozi, intebe z'abakozi, intebe z'inama, intebe z'abashyitsi, n'intebe z'amahugurwa.
Dufatiye ku ruhererekane rw'inganda, ibikoresho fatizo byo hejuru ku ntebe zo mu biro birimo imyenda, uruhu rukora, ibikoresho by'umuringa, n'ibiti. Intebe zo mu biro zikoreshwa cyane cyane ahantu hatandukanye, harimo ubucuruzi, amashuri, ningo.
2. Isesengura ryinganda zo hejuru
Imyenda nigice cyingenzi cyintebe zo mu biro, kugena isura, ihumure, nibindi biranga imikorere. Imibare yaturutse mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare, umusaruro w’imyenda mu Bushinwa wagaragaje ko wagabanutse kuva mu 2017 kugeza mu wa 2022. Mu 2022, umusaruro w’imyenda mu Bushinwa wari metero miliyari 36,75, bivuze ko wagabanutseho 7.2% ugereranije n’umwaka ushize. Iri gabanuka rishobora guterwa n’inganda ziterwa na politiki ikaze y’ibidukikije mu Bushinwa n’amakimbirane mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi, bigatuma umusaruro muke w’imyenda ndetse n’inyungu mu gihugu. Umusaruro wimyenda wagiye ugabanuka, ariko iracyashoboye kuzuza ibyifuzo byibanze byumurenge wo hasi.
Ku bijyanye n’uruhu, inganda z’uruhu mu Bushinwa zigizwe n’imirenge itanu yingenzi: gutunganya, gukora inkweto, ibicuruzwa by’uruhu, imyenda y’uruhu, ubwoya, n’ibicuruzwa. Harimo kandi inganda zunganira nk'ikoranabuhanga ry'uruhu, imiti y'uruhu, imashini z'uruhu, ibyuma by'uruhu, n'ibikoresho by'inkweto. Nyuma yimyaka irenga 20 yiterambere ryihuse, inganda zimpu zUbushinwa zashyizeho gahunda yuzuye ikubiyemo umusaruro, imikorere, ubushakashatsi, no guhinga impano. Ubushinwa bwabaye kamwe mu turere tw’isi ku isi dukora uruhu, ubwoya, n’ibicuruzwa byabo. Mu 2022, Ubushinwa bwakoresheje uruhu rwa sintetike bwageze kuri metero kare miliyoni 530.
Ibikoresho by'umuringa, birimo umuringa usukuye n'umuringa, bikoreshwa mu gukora imiterere itandukanye nk'utubari, insinga, amabati, imirongo, imiyoboro, na fayili. Ibikoresho byumuringa bitunganywa muburyo bwo kuzunguruka, gukuramo, no gushushanya. Mu 2021, umusaruro w’umuringa w’Ubushinwa wageze kuri toni miliyoni 21.235, bivuze ko ubukungu bwiyongereyeho 3,8%. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza Nzeri 2022, Ubushinwa bwakoresheje umuringa wa toni miliyoni 16.366.
Ubushinwa bufite amateka maremare yiterambere mu nganda zimbaho. Mu 2021, Ubushinwa umusaruro w’ibiti wageze kuri metero kibe miliyoni 98,88, ibyo bikaba byagabanutseho metero kibe miliyoni 3.69 ugereranije na 2020, bivuze ko byagabanutseho 3,60% umwaka ushize.
3. Isesengura Ry’inganda Hagati
Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’ubucuruzi bugenda bwiyongera mu Bushinwa, ingano y’isoko ry’intebe zo mu biro nazo zerekanye ko zigenda ziyongera. Mu 2021, ingano y’isoko yageze kuri miliyari 30.8 Yuan, bivuze ko 16.2% byiyongereye ku mwaka ugereranije na 2020.
Urebye ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n’agaciro k’inganda z’ibiro by’ibiro by’Ubushinwa byiyongereye buhoro buhoro kuva mu 2017 kugeza mu 2021. Mu 2021, inganda z’ibiro byoherejwe mu biro mu Bushinwa zatewe n’umuvuduko rusange w’ibikoresho byo mu rugo byoherezwa mu mahanga, bituma habaho amateka menshi. ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bingana na miliyoni 96.26.
Kuva mu myaka ya za 90, ibikoresho byo mu biro byabonye iterambere ryihuse. Ibicuruzwa birimo intebe zo mu biro, ameza y'ibiro, gutanga akabati, ibikoresho byo muri sisitemu (nka ecran, sisitemu yo kwerekana, ibikoresho, n'ibindi), hamwe n'akabati. Intebe zo mu biro zagiye zigumana umwanya wiganje haba mu masoko yo mu biro ndetse no mu mahanga. Mu Bushinwa, isoko ryintebe zo mu biro rifite hafi 31% yisoko ryibikoresho byo mu biro byose. Hamwe no kwamamara kwa ergonomique mugushushanya ibikoresho byo mu biro, ibishushanyo mbonera by'ibiro bizaza byibanda cyane ku kwita ku bantu, harimo no guhumurizwa neza mu gishushanyo mbonera, imiterere itandukanye, imikorere myiza, no kongera ubwuzuzanye mu bice. Urebye ibyinjira muri Groupe Yongyi na Henglin Group kuva kugurisha intebe y'ibiro kuva 2019 kugeza 2021, Itsinda rya Yongyi ryagiye rigenda ryiyongera mu kwinjiza amafaranga mu bikorwa, mu gihe itsinda rya Henglin ryabonye igabanuka ry’amafaranga ava muri iki gice cy’ubucuruzi mu 2021. Mu 2021, Amafaranga yinjiye muri iki gice cy'ubucuruzi yari miliyari 3.14 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda kuri Yongyi na miliyari 2.24 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda ya Henglin.
Ugereranije inyungu rusange ya Yongyi Corporation na Henglin Corporation mubucuruzi bwibiro byabo, ibigo byombi byagaragaje uburyo bwo kwiyongera kwambere bikurikirwa no kugabanuka nyuma. Mu 2021, Yongyi Corporation na Henglin Corporation banditse inyungu zingana na 18.4% na 20.6%.
4. Isesengura ryinganda zo hasi
Urebye aho abaguzi bamanuka mu nganda zo mu biro by’Ubushinwa, intebe zo mu biro zikoreshwa cyane cyane ahantu hatandukanye, harimo ibigo, uburezi, ndetse n’ibidukikije. Nkikintu cyingenzi cyo gukoresha ibiro, iterambere ryinshi ryinyubako zo mu biro ryatanze isoko ryinshi ryibikoresho byo mu biro. Mu 2021, igurishwa ry’inyubako z’ibiro mu Bushinwa ryageze kuri miliyari 525.89, kandi bikagira uruhare mu kongera isoko ry’intebe z’ibiro.
Umubare w’inganda mu Bushinwa wagaragaje ko uzamuka cyane mu myaka yashize, uva kuri miliyoni 18.09 muri 2017 ugera kuri miliyoni 48.42 muri 2021. Muri bo, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere mu 2021 wageze kuri 8,6%.
Amakuru n'amakuru yavuzwe haruguru murashobora kwifashisha muri raporo yiswe "2023-2029 Ubushinwa Ibiro by'Ibiro by'Ubushinwa Intebe y'Isoko Ry’ubushakashatsi ku Isoko n'Isesengura Ry’ishoramari" ryasohowe na Zhiyan Consulting. Zhiyan Consulting nisoko ryuzuye ryamakuru nubwenge mubijyanye n’ubujyanama mu nganda mu Bushinwa. Filozofiya y’isosiyete ni "uguteza imbere inganda n’amakuru no guha imbaraga ibyemezo by’ishoramari." Batanga serivisi zubujyanama bwinganda kubucuruzi, harimo raporo yubushakashatsi bwujuje ubuziranenge mu nganda, serivisi zihariye, ingingo za buri kwezi, raporo zishoboka, gahunda z’ubucuruzi, no gutegura inganda. Batanga raporo zisanzwe nka buri cyumweru, buri kwezi, buri gihembwe, na raporo yumwaka, hamwe namakuru yihariye, akubiyemo ibice nko kugenzura politiki, imbaraga z’ibigo, amakuru y’inganda, ihindagurika ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa, ishusho rusange y’ishoramari, amahirwe y’isoko, hamwe n’isesengura ry’ingaruka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-19-2023